The Teacher s Tools Background - 1542 Words

The Teacher’s Tools BACKGROUND The purpose of a teacher is to plan and organize a learning environment that guides students to achieve their academic potential. Teachers happen to have certain skills, knowledge, and tools. According to Dawn McKay states, â€Å"A teacher instructs students in subjects such as science, mathematics, language arts, social studies, art, and music, and then helps them apply those concepts. Teachers work in public or private elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools. Those working in middle and high schools usually specialize in teaching one subject.† Teachers teach students how to accomplish something, talk to students to convey information effectively, use learning strategies, active listening, monitor†¦show more content†¦I walked into the classroom and saw other teachers carrying identification lanyard cards. Most of the teachers carried keys which I believe their keys to be able to enter their classroom and or building. I saw that the teacher carried a ri ng which I assume she is married. They also carried pens and notebook planners and talked about the schedule plan for the next week because a teacher was going to be gone so they needed to adjust certain things. Another teacher asked if they could borrow computers that students are able to use in their classrooms, so teachers occur to always be sharing their tools. I sat down and looked around. The classroom was set for a small group with different type of stations. The teacher had a lecture desk and had a couple of written papers there. It seemed like she was comfortable using it when lecturing. There were a large amount of reading books. In the teacher’s board was objectives for the students. In the teacher s desk there were many pictures of her family and of students’ drawings/notes. In her desk there were other types of notes papers and books stacked on top of each other and there were in compartment files. I saw projects all around the classroom that 7th graders a nd 8th graders completed. There were posters that encouraged students learning and thinking. There were 4 computer stations. They carried them because it was necessary to do their job as a teacher to teach and aShow MoreRelatedHow Do Digital Media Affect The Classroom?1716 Words   |  7 Pageshow it works when it is in people s minds and mouths. In this essay I will firstly be explaining my understanding of the topic sentence, as well as discussing how it is important for a teacher to understand language, both as an object, as its parts as well as language as a whole, in motion. 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ByRead MoreComputer Aided Learning And Ict Tools Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pageswhich computer aided learning and ICT tools can effectively be implemented in the classroom. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher focused on the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study as well as the researchquestions. The significance and limitations of the study were also highlighted in this chapter. Key terms were also defined in this chapter. The study seeks to find ways in which computer aided learning and ICT tools can effectively be implemented inRead MoreTeaching Of A Differentiated Classroom Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesClassrooms today are diverse, have issues that were not previously present, and more is demanded of teachers than ever before. The readings in chapter six of Differentiated Instructional Management (Chapman and King, 2008), stuck me that many of the presented plans are intertwined with each other. 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The survey included both short answer questions and Likert questions to gather data about technology usage in our school. 1. Short Answer: â€Å"Does Buford Academy have a clear vision in regards to technology implementation and usage?† 2. Short Answer: â€Å"What was your role in creating the school’s technology vision?† 3. On a scale of 1 (minimum) – 5 (maximum): â€Å"How would you rate the technology devices and tools that are availableRead MoreRole of Teacher1229 Words   |  5 PagesRole of teacher Role of teacher Teachers play an important role in fostering the intellectual and social development of children during their formative years. The education that students acquire is key to determining the future of those students. Whether in elementary or high schools or in private or public schools, teachers provide the tools and the environment for their students to develop into responsible adults. 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Supply and Demand Free Essays

In economics supply and demand refers to the relationship between the accessibility of a good or service and the need or wish for it amid buyers (Microsoft, 2009). Our daily lives are affected by supply and demand. Demand is based on the price of a product, the price of related products, and customer’s salary and preference. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now Supply can rest not only on the price available for the product but also on the cost of similar products, the method of how it is made, and the availability and price of contributions. In this specific case I will explain how supply and demand has affected my decision to purchase a home (The Free Dictionary, n. d. ). Factors that Could Cause Changes in Supply and Demand I am the Compliance and Closing Manager for a secondary market mortgage company. Over the past thirteen years I have worked in every area of mortgage lending, through the good and bad times. I have seen the effects that cause the changes in supply and demand when purchasing a home. One factor that can affect supply and demand when purchasing a home are is interest rates. Higher interest rates can lead to less people making the decision to purchase a home because of high mortgage payments. The effect of higher interest rates can cause the supply to increase as homes sit on the market longer. When a home sits on the market for a prolonged period of time, the price can be affected. If the supply is high and the demand is low, for one home to be sold over another, price is also a factor that can increase demand. Homes with lower sales prices affect affordability. The lower priced a home is, the more reasonable it is to a would-be buyer. Another factor that can affect supply and demand is condition of the home. A home in poor condition is not usually in high demand, but for an investor looking to rehab a home condition may not be a factor. Substitutes for Buying a Home There are several options or substitutes for buying a home. One substitute in lieu of purchasing a home would be to buy a condo. Condos are typically less expensive, have less maintenance since a condo fee is paid for those issues, and are smaller to operate than a home. Qualifying for a mortgage loan on a condo may be the difference to a potential home owner if they buy a condo over a home. Another substitute would be to rent a house or an apartment. Renting cuts back on maintenance expenses and can allow one to save additional funds towards putting a larger down payment in order to lower the monthly payment. Both are good options to purchasing a home, and a place to live. After my divorce I had to make the decision whether or not I wanted to buy a home or rent. After looking at the housing market, looking at price, monthly expenses, and the upkeep of buying a home, I decided to rent for a while longer. I substituted my desire to be a homeowner with renting someone else’s based on financial and personal reasons. Complements for Buying a Home A complement is the demand for one product that automatically increases the demand for another. When buying a home one item that a new homeowner may use as a complement may be new carpet, or flooring. When a buyer purchases a home it rarely comes exactly as the homeowner likes as far as taste and decor. New carpet or wood flooring is a great way to complement a home purchase. Carpet and flooring wears out over time and will need to replaced depending on how old the home is. Another complement is appliances such as a new stove/oven combination. Most home purchases include the appliances; however, depending on the age of the home often the appliances are in working order but may be aged. New appliances are a good way to add value to a home as well as create better functionality. Homeownership and the Impact on Price Elasticity History and time has shown that the need for homes will always exist. During times when the economy is booming, the demand for homes will shift to the right because the consumer confidence has increased. Our business experienced this in 2006 when interest rates were at an all-time low, lenders made loans available to most anyone who could qualify, and real estate was moving quicker than homes could be built. Mortgage companies could not process and close loans quick enough; at times builders could not keep up with the demand of customers. Then in late 2009, business slowed quickly when big companies began having trouble staying solvent because of the foreclosure and bankruptcies once those buyers were unable to pay for the homes they purchased during the boom. When the economy took a downturn, the demand for homes shifted to the left because the need was less, consumer confidence faded, and availability of mortgage loan products decreased. Conclusion Unemployment is up, inflation is up, and the housing market continues to stall. The government has bailed out banks, given first-time homebuyer incentives, and lowered taxes, yet home purchases continue to drop. With high inflation, despite steady interest rates, there are many factors to take into account when choosing to buy a home. My concern is job stability and what is best for me in the long run. At this time I have decided it is best for me to continue to rent until the economy stabilizes and I save a larger down payment. How to cite Supply and Demand, Papers Supply and Demand Free Essays Automotive Industry Supply and Demand Katharyn E. Moore Supply and Demand The automobile industry has certainly have seen fluctuations in supply and demand, especially in the last decade. The economic turmoil of the United States has only been one factor in supply and demand of vehicles. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is evident with employment and income of consumers, interest rates, gas prices and the consumers need for more efficient cars. The demand for more fuel-efficient transportation increases as gas prices rise and the supply for fuel-efficient cars also rises. Manufacturers will increase the supply of fuel-efficient cars to meet the demand. If the prices of these cars are more than what the consumer is willing to pay, the demand will decrease and inventory of these cars will increase. A decrease in price of the fuel-efficient care will cause the demand to increase and the manufacturer to increase supply at the price the consumer is willing to pay. Equilibrium is the supply and demand of fuel-efficient cars will meet at a price that the consumer is willing to pay and the price the manufacture will charge for the car (Colander, 2011). The resources needed for the industry whether it is employees, raw materials, financial and technology affect supply and demand in the automotive industry. These resources are needed to facilitate the making of vehicles and their supply either abundant or scarce will affect the industry. The unavailability of steel in manufacturing of fabricated metal product decreases the ability to supply the framework for a vehicle will decrease (Gross output by Industry, 2010). The manufacturer will have to decrease the supply. The limited availability will increase prices of metal and decreases demand for the product at a higher price. If the demand for cars is high, the manufacturer will have to pay the higher cost and forward that increase on to the consumer increasing the price of the car. The consumer may not want the higher cost car and demand for the car will decrease a factor in moving the supply and demand curves of cars. Alternatives in the automobile industry are ongoing as manufacturers are introducing more fuel-efficient cars as well as biofuel (e85) and electric cars. New technology and consumer preference of these alternatives will affect the supply and demand of vehicles. Consumer preference to a more ecological friendly vehicle increases demand and encourages supply increases from the manufacturer. Consumers have the opportunity to help the environment and decrease the usage for gas when renting a vehicle. Enterprise has added electric cars to their rental fleet along with hybrids and fuel-efficient vehicles (Finance News, 2011). The shift in demand for these vehicles will change the demand curve of alternative vehicles. Consumers are the important factor in supply and demand in the automobile industry. Our decisions of a fuel-efficient vehicle and the price we are willing to pay for these vehicles influence the supply and demand. We have choices as consumers, and these choices influence competition, pricing, and demand of vehicles available for purchase. The supplier will act accordingly to these demands and make available the supply of product the consumer wants. The demand for vehicles is dependent on pricing, new technology, fuel efficiency, alternative fuels and competition (Colander, 2011). These decisions will increase or decrease the supply and demand curves with these choices. With all of these and other factors the supply and demand curve will increase and decrease as the market changes with these influences. Supply and demand will always be changing as we choose to purchase products and services that we need for our psychological and physiological needs. References Colander (2011). Introduction into Macroeconomics. Macroeconomics (7th Ed. ), Chapter Four, United States: McGraw-Hill-Create. Finance News. (2011, October 27). Enterprise Rent-a-Car expands electric vehicle fleet. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from Yahoo. com website: http://finance. yahoo. com Gross output by Industry. (2010, December 14). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from Bureau of Economic Analysis website: http://www. bea. gov U. S. International Trade in goods and services. (2011, October 13). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from U. S. Census Bureau – Economic Analysis News website: http://www. bea. gov How to cite Supply and Demand, Papers Supply and Demand Free Essays chapter: 3 Supply and Demand Krugman/Wells Economics  ©2009 ? Worth Publishers WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER ? ? ? ? ? What a competitive market is and how it is described by the supply and demand model What the demand curve and supply curve are The difference between movements along a curve and shifts of a curve How the supply and demand curves determine a market’s equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity In the case of a shortage or surplus, how price moves the market back to equilibrium 2 of 42 Supply and Demand ? A competitive market: ? ? Many buyers and sellers Same good or service ? ? The supply and demand model is a model of how a competitive market works. Five key elements: ? ? ? ? ? Demand curve Supply curve Demand and supply curve shifts Market equilibrium Changes in the market equilibrium 3 of 42 Demand Schedule ? A demand schedule shows how much of a good or service consumers will want to buy at different prices. Demand Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) $2. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 1. 75 7. 1 7. 5 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 of 42 Demand Curve Price of coffee bean (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 A demand curve is the graphical representation of the demand schedule; it shows how much of a good or service consumers want to buy at any given price. As price rises, the quantity demanded falls Demand curve, D 0 7 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 5 of 42 GLOBAL COMPARISON Pay More, Pump Less†¦ ? Price of gasoline (per gallon) Germany Because of high taxes, gasoline and diesel fuel are more than twice as expensive in most European countries as in the United States. According to the law of demand, Europeans should buy less gasoline than Americans, and they do: Europeans consume less than half as much fuel as Americans, mainly because they drive smaller cars with better mileage. $8 7 6 United Kingdom Italy France Spain ? 5 4 3 Japan Canada United States 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 1. 4 0 Consumption of gasoline (gallons per day per capita) 6 of 42 An Increase in Demand ? ? An increase in the population and other factors generate an increase in demand – a rise in the quantity demanded at any given price. This is represented by the two demand schedules – one showing demand in 2002, before the rise in population, the other showing demand in 2006, after the rise in population. Demand Schedules for Coffee Beans Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) Price of coffee beans (per pound) in 2002 in 2006 $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 7. 1 7. 5 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 8. 5 9. 0 9. 7 10. 7 12. 0 13. 8 17. 0 7 of 42 An Increase in Demand Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 Increase in population ? more coffee drinkers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 Demand curve in 2006 Demand curve in 2002 7 9 11 13 D 1 D 17 2 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded at any given price, represented by the change of the original demand curve to a new position, denoted by a new demand curve. 8 of 42 Movement Along the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 A C †¦ is not the same thing as a movement along the demand curve B A shift of the demand curve†¦ A movement along the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 1. 00 0. 75 . 50 D 7 8. 1 9. 7 10 13 1 D 17 2 0 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 9 of 42 Shifts of the Demand Curve Price Increase in demand An â€Å"increase in demand† A â€Å"decrease in demand†, means a leftward shift of rightward shift of the demand curve: at any given price, consumers demand a smaller quantity larger quantity than before. (D1? D3) (D1? D2) Decrease in demand D 3 D 1 D 2 Quantity 10 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in the Prices of Related Goods ? Substitutes: Two goods are substitutes if a fall in the price of one of the goods makes consumers less willing to buy the other good. Complements: Two goods are complements if a fall in the price of one good makes people more willing to buy the other good. ? 11 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in Income ? ? Normal Goods: When a rise in income increases the demand for a good – the normal case – we say that the good is a normal good. Inferior Goods: When a rise in income decreases the demand for a good, it is an inferior good. ? ? Changes in Tastes Changes in Expectations 12 of 42 Individual Demand Curve and the Market Demand Curve The market demand curve is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in that market. (a) (b) (c) Darla’s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Price of coffee beans (per pound) Dino’s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Market Demand Curve $2 $2 $2 DMarket 1 1 1 DDarla DDino 0 20 30 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 10 20 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 30 40 50 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 13 of 42 Supply Schedule ? A supply schedule shows how much of a good or service would be supplied at different prices. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans supplied (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 11. 6 11. 5 11. 2 10. 7 10. 0 9. 1 8. 0 14 of 42 Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply curve, S $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 9 11 13 A supply curve shows graphically how much of a good or service people are willing to sell at any given price. As price rises, the quantity supplied rises. 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 15 of 42 An Increase in Supply ? ? The entry of Vietnam Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans into the coffee bean Quantity of beans supplied Price of business generated coffee beans (billions of pounds) an increase in (per pound) Before entry After entry supply—a rise in the quantity supplied at $2. 00 11. 6 13. 9 any given price. 1. 75 11. 5 13. 8 This event is 1. 50 11. 2 13. 4 represented by the 1. 25 10. 7 12. 8 two supply schedules—one 1. 00 10. 0 12. 0 showing supply before 0. 75 9. 1 10. 9 Vietnam’s entry, the 0. 50 8. 0 9. 6 other showing supply after Vietnam came in. 16 of 42 An Increase in Supply Price of coffee beans (per pound) S $2. 0 1 S 2 Vietnam enters coffee bean business ? more coffee producers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 A movement along the supply curve†¦ †¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good at any given pric e. 17 of 42 Movement Along the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 10 11. 2 12 A C †¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 15 17 A movement along the supply curve†¦ S 1 S 2 B Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A movement along the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 18 of 42 Shifts of the Supply Curve Price S 3 S 1 S 2 Increase in supply Any â€Å"increase in â€Å"decrease in supply† means a leftward shift of the rightward shift of the supply curve: at any given price, there is an a decrease in the increase in the quantity supplied. (S1? S2) S3) Decrease in supply Quantity 19 of 42 What Causes a Supply Curve to Shift? ? ? ? ? ? Changes in input prices ? An input is a good that is used to produce another good. Changes in the prices of related goods and services Changes in technology Changes in expectations Changes in the number of producers 20 of 42 Individual Supply Curve and the Market Supply Curve The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all firms in that market. (a) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (b) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (c) Market Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Mr. Figueroa’s Individual Supply Curve SFigueroa Mr. Bien Pho’s Individual Supply Curve S Pho Bien $2 $2 $2 S Market 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 21 of 42 Supply, Demand and Equilibrium ? Equilibrium in a competitive market: when the quantity demanded of a good equals the quantity supplied of that good. The price at which this takes place is the equilibrium price (a. k. a. market-clearing price): ? ? Every buyer finds a seller and vice versa. The quantity of the good bought and sold at that price is the equilibrium quantity. ? 22 of 42 Market Equilibrium Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply 2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 Market equilibrium occurs at point E, where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect. Equilibrium price 1. 00 0. 75 E Equilibrium 0. 50 0 7 10 Equilibrium quantity 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 23 of 42 Surplus Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply $2. 00 1. 75 Surplus 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 E There is a surplus of a good when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. Surpluses occur when the price is above its equilibrium level. 0. 50 0 7 8. 1 10 11. 2 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) Quantity demanded Quantity supplied 24 of 42 Shortage Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 Supply 1. 50 1. 25 There is a shortage of a good when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Shortages occur when the price is below its equilibrium level. 1. 00 0. 75 E 0. 50 0 7 9. 1 Shortage Demand 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 10 11. 5 Quantity supplied Quantity demanded 25 of 42 ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Price of Admission: †¢ Compare the box office price for a recent Justin Timberlake concert in Miami, Florida, to the StubHub. com price for seats in the same location: $88. 0 versus $155. †¢ Why is there such a big difference in prices? For major events, buying tickets from the box office means waiting in very long lines. Ticket buyers who use Internet resellers have decided that the opportunity cost of their time is too high to spend waiting in line. For those major events with online box offices selling tickets at face value, ticke ts often sell out within minutes. †¢ In this case, some people who want to go to the concert badly but have missed out on the opportunity to buy cheaper tickets from the online box office are willing to pay the higher Internet reseller price. 6 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans An increase in demand†¦ Supply E P 2 2 Price rises E P 1 1 †¦ leads to a movement along the supply curve due to a higher equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity D 2 D 1 Q 1 Q 2 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity rises 27 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans S 2 S 1 A decrease in supply†¦ P Price rises E 2 2 †¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve due to a higher equilibrium price and lower equilibrium quantity P 1 E1 Demand Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity falls 28 of 42 Technology Shifts of the Supply Curve Price An increase in supply †¦ S1 S2 †¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve to a lower equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity. E1 Price falls P1 P2 E2 Technological innovation: In the early 1970s, engineers learned how to put microscopic electronic components onto a silicon chip; progress in the technique has allowed ever more components to be put on each chip. Demand Q 1 Q 2 Quantity Quantity increases 29 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (a) One possible outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Rises Price of coffee Small decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 The opposing forces Two increase in demand dominates the determining the decrease in supply. equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 D D 1 Large increase in demand Q 1 Q2 2 Quantity of coffee 30 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (b) Another Possibility Outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Falls Price of coffee Large decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 Two opposing forces determining the equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 Small increase in demand D D 2 1 Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee 31 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand We can make the following predictions about the outcome when the supply and demand curves shift simultaneously: Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand Demand Increases Demand Decreases Supply Increases Supply Decreases Price: ambiguous Quantity: up Price: up Quantity: ambiguous Price: down Price: ambiguous Quantity: ambiguous Quantity: down 32 of 42 FOR INQUIRING MINDS Your Turn on the Runway: An Exercise of Supply, Demand and Supermodels ? The ease of transmitting photos over the Internet and the relatively low cost of international travel ? beautiful young women from all over the world, eagerly trying to make it as models = influx of aspiring models from around the world In addition the tastes of many of those who hire models have changed ? hey prefer celebrities What happened to the equilibrium price of a young (not a celebrity) fashion model? Use your supply and demand curves to determine the salaries of â€Å"America’s Next Best Models†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33 of 42 ? ? FOR INQUIRING MINDS Another Example: Supply, Demand and Controlled Substances Price S2 S1 E2 P2 Price rises P1 E1 Howe ver, we can see The equilibrium by comparing the price has risen from original equilibrium E1 P1 to P2, and this with â€Å"war on The the new drugs† induces suppliers to equilibrium E2 that the provide drugs shifts the supply actual reduction in the despite the left. curve tothe risks. uantity of drugs supplied is much smaller than the shift of the supply curve. Demand Q2 Q1 Quantity Quantity falls 34 of 42 ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Great Tortilla Crises: †¢ A sharp rise in the price of tortillas, a staple food of Mexico’s poor, which had gone from 25 cents a pound to between 35 and 45 cents a pound in just a few months in early 2007. Why were tortilla prices soaring? †¢ It was a classic example of what happens to equilibrium prices when supply falls. Tortillas are made from corn; much of Mexico’s corn is imported from the United States, with the price of corn in both countries basically set in the U. S. corn market. And U. S. corn prices were rising rapidly thanks to surging demand in a new market: the market for ethanol. 35 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? A recent drought in Australia reduced the amount of grass on which Australian dairy cows could feed, thus limiting the amount of milk these cows produced for export. At the same time, a new tax levied by the government of Argentina raised the price of the milk the country exported, thereby decreasing Argentine milk sales worldwide. These two developments produced a supply shortage in the world market, which dairy farmers in Europe couldn’t fill because of strict production quotas set by the European Union. ? ? 36 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? In China, meanwhile, demand for milk and milk products increased, as rising income levels drove higher per-capita consumption. All these occurrences resulted in a strong upward pressure on the price of milk everywhere in 2007. ? 37 of 42 SUMMARY 1. The supply and demand model illustrates how a competitive market works. 2. The demand schedule shows the quantity demanded at each price and is represented graphically by a demand curve. The law of demand says that demand curves slope downward. 3. A movement along the demand curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity demanded. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing demand, they mean shifts of the demand curve—a change in the quantity demanded at any given price. 38 of 42 SUMMARY 4. There are five main factors that shift the demand curve: †¢ A change in the prices of related goods or services †¢ A change in income †¢ A hange in tastes †¢ A change in expectations †¢ A change in the number of consumers 5. The market demand curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in the market. 6. The supply schedule shows the quantity supplied at each price and is represented graphically by a supply curve. Supply curves usually slope upward. 39 of 42 SUM MARY 7. A movement along the supply curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity supplied. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing supply, they mean shifts of the supply curve—a change in the quantity supplied at any given price. 8. There are five main factors that shift the supply curve: †¢ A change in input prices †¢ A change in the prices of related goods and services †¢ A change in technology †¢ A change in expectations †¢ A change in the number of producers 9. The market supply curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all producers in the market. 40 of 42 SUMMARY 10. The supply and demand model is based on the principle that the price in a market moves to its equilibrium price, or market-clearing price, the price at which the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. This quantity is the equilibrium quantity. When the price is above its market-clearing level, there is a surplus that pushes the price down. When the price is below its market-clearing level, there is a shortage that pushes the price up. 11. An increase in demand increases both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in demand has the opposite effect. An increase in supply reduces the equilibrium price and increases the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in supply has the opposite effect. 12. Shifts of the demand curve and the supply curve can happen simultaneously. 41 of 42 The End of Chapter 3 Coming attraction Chapter 4: The Market Strikes Back 42 of 42 How to cite Supply and Demand, Essay examples Supply and Demand Free Essays In the ECO/365 course you are taken through a simulation, where you are asked to manage the supply and demand of two-bedroom apartments. The apartments are located in a city called Atlantis, which seems to be a very attractive place to live. The stimulation is used to provide the learner with real-life situation of how the pricing of a good or service (price ceiling) can affect the quantity demand, and the quality supplied. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the simulation the learner is asked to price the rate of the two-bedroom unit. And based on the rate, you are given the results of your actions, and how it affected the market. Through this simulation there were examples of microeconomics such as the government imposing a ceiling cap on monthly rental rates. To ensure the affordability for middle class workers also. In addition to GoodLife management deciding to offer month to month lease, and lower their rental price. In microeconomics you learn that decisions by both firms and individuals are motivated by cost and benefit considerations. Costs can be either in terms of financial cost such as average fixed costs and total variable cost (economics. about.com). We learned that macroeconomics deals with the structure and decision making of the economy as a whole (Colander, D. C. 2010). I think it is only fitting that I mention that all though most everything was consistent. However, we did see that the lower the rate of the apartment, the more of a demand. One shift in the demand curve is the availability of the two bedroom units was in high demand. In part to the price declining and there being available renters. However, in the beginning as the apartments increase, so did the price. As we notice in the simulation when the rental demand is higher the price increases. However, when the quantity demands decrease, than there is an increase in the supply. This can potentially lead to a shortage. With my organization the supply and demand could be applied in various ways. Because my filed is healthcare a few things come to mind. Supply and demand in my health center is when we receive a grant for a specific service lets say long-term hormonal birth control method, so then we will purchase a surplus of that particular supply. Additionally we will bring in more staff, or budget for overtime. In addition another way supply and demand can be applied is when a friend of mines decided to go into business of making signature drinks. Before you purchase a surplus of drinking cups, and liquor ensure that you have the demand. Do not increase the price because the demand is there right now. Utilize the skill of macroeconomics and see what is happening in your community or clientele you are trying to reach. The concepts learned about microeconomics that will help me understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demands are based on the competition and their prices. Than once everything is balanced you have equilibrium. However, I tend to get a little confused with both concepts, so I hope that I am explaining this correctly. Lastly you have macroeconomics which shows what happens to the market when the increase or decrease of careers, and populations affects the real estate market. With the equilibrium apartment demand and supply is increase, which makes the rental rates higher. Summarizing the Supply and Demand simulation on the demand and how it affects a consumers purchasing. Happens a few different ways, when the demand for the apartments in Atlantis was high, the price increased. Then when the price for the apartments was lower, the demand was higher. However, once the price was increased it either stayed the same or decreased. Overall this simulation was very beneficial for me, I was able to utilize the tools I am learning in this course in real time. In addition to getting clarity on certain parts I was struggling in. Although I still have some ways to go, I am appreciative of this simulation. How to cite Supply and Demand, Papers

Reality in Jean Genets the Balcony free essay sample

Whilst also attempting to transform reality into a fantasy world in which its characters can escape the dismay of daily life, it is â€Å"also designed to be a moving play which keeps the audience aware that it is a play† they are watching and not allowing them to get lost in the world of illusion, fantasy and desire that the characters are trapped in (Reck 1962: 23). This echoes a technique used as part of Brechts Verfremdungseffekt, and by keeping the spectator at a critical distance, they become observers and thus can learn something about their own lives and the world in which they live. The play is set in Madame Irma’s Maison d’illusions (or house of illusions) which to the spectator is clearly a brothel, but not a brothel in the conventional sense. In the brothel, men of everyday walks of life (for example a plumber) act out sexual fantasies with the women that work there. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality in Jean Genets the Balcony or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their sexual fantasies are by no means conventional either, for example the ‘clients’ of the brothel take on the personas of powerful men, namely a bishop, an executioner, a judge and a general. From the exposition of the play, it is unclear that the bishop isn’t actually a bishop as the costume, dialogue and action of the bishop are completely authentic aside from the fact that the powerful characters â€Å"tower over all the other actors as well as the audience† (McMahon 1963: 110). This is visually unrealistic and takes the spectator away from realism right from the onset, yet somehow draws them into this world of illusion. The sexual acts were intended by Genet to contain meaning and not to be realistic. They are merely projections, a series of images of man trapped in a hall of mirrors, not attempting to convey naturalism in the slightest (McMahon 1963: 176) and the characters’ â€Å"performance becomes reflections of reflections† (Innes 2001: 438). As Esslin states in his The Theatre of the Absurd, â€Å"there are no characters in the conventional sense†¦merely the images of basic urges and impulses† (Esslin 2001: 22). Image is of key importance in the play; it is everything â€Å"for the deeper one moves into images the less danger there will be of reality’s coming back to question the veracity of the images† (McMahon 1963: 162). One of the key themes of the play is the escape from reality, and as T. S Eliot wrote â€Å"human kind cannot bear much reality† (1964: 69), one of the fundamental messages Genet is trying to portray in his play. There is a strong sense of the actor merging with the character in The Balcony (Savona 1983: 86), or the character merging with the fantasy characters they attempt to portray in the brothel, or characters they so long to be, even for just an hour or so. This inauthentic relationship between reality and fantasy reflects human nature and life itself – we have all at some point aspired, or even wished that we could be someone else, someone with power or respect. However as McMahon suggests â€Å"there is no aspiration within the motivation of these people to be bishop, judge or general; the limit of their ambitions knows its range, and the cutting off point†¦is the thin line between pretence and reality† (1963: 160). The play takes a turn when the clients of the brothel are forced to take on the characters they are pretending to be for real. It is at this point that the illusion is destroyed and the men of everyday life no longer want the roles they are playing. For them, the roles are now too realistic and there is no escape from them – the relationship between reality and fantasy has become authentic. When the characters are acting out their roles in the real world, they are no longer comforted by their imagination; they are faced with the harsh reality of life, the one thing that they have sought to escape in the first place. This is reinforced by the fact the characters are reluctant to assist the chief of police and be â€Å"dragged from their dream world into the harshness and dangers of reality† (Thody 1970: 186-187). The revolution outside can be seen as a symbol of real life. â€Å"Were it not for the revolution, the various characters could continue to play their games in the enclosed a-historical atmosphere provided for them†¦but the revolution is there, and threatens at any moment to destroy their world of llusion completely† (Thody 1970: 179). During the play, various sounds of gunfire can be heard in the background of the scenes – A threat from the real world outside reminding the characters they have tried to escape life and whilst this may be successful for the hour they are in the brothel, real life is still going out outside. â€Å"Machine gun fire attempts to undermine the magic of illusion created and reflects Brecht’s distancing effect† (Savona 198 3: 89). Once again Genet forces the spectator to remember that they are watching a play, but also when we all hide behind the facade of life, or try and escape reality, the real world is still very much at large in the background and we can’t ignore this! â€Å"The theme of illusion reaches its climax at the very end of the action, when Madame Irma comes to the front of the stage to remind the audience that they have, after all, only been watching a play† (Thody 1970: 185). The spectator is suddenly brought back to ‘the real word’ having witnessed actors playing characters, characters playing characters, characters playing people. The audience has taken the journey through Madam Irma’s ‘house of illusions’, and has been presented with a theatrical projection of humanity through many planes of reality. She tells the audience â€Å"you must now go home, where everything – you can be quite sure – will be falser than here†¦You must now go† (Genet 1966: 96). She has highlighted that as humans we have a tendency to hide behind the facade of life, to go along with what we are told and what we see, thus taking life for granted. We then think back to the characters in the play and realise how they are merely projections of ourselves. â€Å"Genet proclaims the illusion of reality and the reality of illusion† (Nelson 1963: 61). For the spectator and the characters â€Å"reality has become indiscernible from illusion† (Nelson 1963: 65) and the audience must ask themselves where does reality end and pretence begins. BIBLIOGRAPHY Eliot, T. S. , Murder in the Cathedral (Fort Washington PA: Harvest Books, 1964) Esslin, Martin, The Theatre of the Absurd, 3rd Edition (London: Metheun, 2001) Genet, Jean, The Balcony (New York: Grove Press, 1966) Innes, Christopher, ‘Theatre After Two World Wars’, in The Oxford Illustrated History of the Theatre, ed. by John Russell Brown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 380-444. Macquarrie, John, Existentialism (Baltimore: Pelican Books, 1972) McMahon, Joseph H. , The Imagination of Jean Genet (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963) Nelson, Banjamin, ‘The Balcony and Parisian Existentialism’, The Tulane Drama Review, 7:3 (1963), 60-79. Oswald, Laura, Jean Genet and the Semiotics of Performance (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1989) Patterson, Michael, The Oxford Dictionary of Plays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005) Reck, Rima Drell, Appearance and Reality in Genets Le Balcon, The New Dramatists, 29:1 (1962), 20-25. Savona, Jeannette L. , Jean Genet (London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press, 1983) Styan, J. L. , The English Stage (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996) Thody, Philip, Jean Genet: A Study of His Novels and Plays (New York: Stein and Day, 1970)

The Road Not Taken in the Choices of Life Essay Example For Students

The Road Not Taken in the Choices of Life Essay I shall be telling this with a sign Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I We will write a custom essay on The Road Not Taken in the Choices of Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. (Frost 751) The narrator of this last stanza of The Road Not Taken is Edward Thomas, eluding that the choice he has just made may be the wrong, or the right; but only time will tell. On the surface, Robert Frosts poem is a story about a walk on a wooded road, but it had deeper meaning to him and how he feels about the road. Also, the poem has a universal meaning about life and the choices it presents to you. Further, the poem is magnificently written in the typical rhyming Frost style. Lastly, a sigh might just be a sigh to you, but in this piece it means much more to Frost. Frosts 1916 poem The Road Not Taken is an example of how Frost writes poetry enthralling the reader with a grand opening and an unexpected ending that must be thoroughly analyzed. Frost wrote The Road Not Taken while living in Gloucestershire, England in 1914 though he was an American citizen. His friend Edward Thomas and he would often go on walks so Thomas could show him special plants or sights. When Thomas would choose a path, it was certain that every time he would regret the choice he had made sighing that they should have taken a better direction (Robert Frosts Lesser Known Poems). When Frost wrote this he supposedly pretended to carry himself as Thomas just long enough to write the poem. Furthermore, Frost first wrote the poem as almost a joke for Thomas. But, it later held more value for him, as an example of life choices. The Road Not Taken is literally story about a walk on a road one fall morning. In the opening line it tells of how the road broke into a y. This simple y in the road eludes also to Frosts first line of the poem and his choice of yellow (y) to describe the fall trees. Frost talks about the two roads and how they are the same, comparing them. No one else is on the road with the narrator. He is alone, contemplating the decision by himself. There is a decision that is going to be made by the narrator as to which road equally worn to take with no help from anyone. He knows that the road he takes will lead him forever, foreshadowing that the choice he does makes could be a regret or satisfaction. Frost then said in the present tense last stanza that the narrators choice was the road less traveled. The road in the poem is not just a road; it is a symbol of choices in our lives that we must make. Frost implies that the narrator is sorry that he could not take both roads, see two different outcomes before the decision is made. The outcomes can not be seen though, looking as far as he could the road would bend and disappear into the undergrowth. He says to himself three times in the poem that both roads are equal, but in the final outcome he chooses the one less traveled, wanting wear (Frost 750). Only one road may be taken, one decision made, and one final destiny for a lifetime. The narrator could live to regret that he did or did not take another path. Also, his decision may be satisfying to him, not looking back at what may have been but instead of what is here, what he is living for right now. .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e , .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .postImageUrl , .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e , .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:hover , .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:visited , .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:active { border:0!important; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:active , .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1577ae16e76c8db797652c93f008199e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil War - The Battle at Hampton Roads EssayThe Road Not Taken is masterfully written not just with forceful opening words and an ironic final stanza but also with rhyme scheme. Frost wrote it in abaab meaning that the last word in the first, third, and fourth lines rhyme. Also, the last word of the second and fifth lines of the poem rhyme. The rhyme scheme is rhymed tetrameter, meaning that there are four beats in a line (Robert Frosts Lesser Known Poems). Frost always used some rhyme scheme in his poems often joking that writing free verse is . The Road Not Taken In The Choices of Life Essay Example For Students The Road Not Taken In The Choices of Life Essay The Road Not Taken in the Choices of Life I shall be telling this with a sign Two roads diverged in a wood, and I And that has made all the difference. (Frost 751) The narrator of this last stanza of The Road Not Taken is Edward Thomas, eluding that the choice he has just made may be the wrong, or the right; but only time will tell. On the surface, Robert Frosts poem is a story about a walk on a wooded road, but it had deeper meaning to him and how he feels about the road. Also, the poem has a universal meaning about life and the choices it presents to you. Further, the poem is magnificently written in the typical rhyming Frost style. We will write a custom essay on The Road Not Taken In The Choices of Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lastly, a sigh might just be a sigh to you, but in this piece it means much more to Frost. Frosts 1916 poem The Road Not Taken is an example of how Frost writes poetry enthralling the reader with a grand opening and an unexpected ending that must be thoroughly analyzed. Frost wrote The Road Not Taken while living in Gloucestershire, England in 1914 though he was an American citizen. His friend Edward Thomas and he would often go on walks so Thomas could show him special plants or sights. When Thomas would choose a path, it was certain that every time he would regret the choice he had made sighing that they should have taken a better direction (Robert Frosts Lesser Known Poems). When Frost wrote this he supposedly pretended to carry himself as Thomas just long enough to write the poem. Furthermore, Frost first wrote the poem as almost a joke for Thomas. But, it later held more value for him, as an example of life choices. The Road Not Taken is literally story about a walk on a road one fall morning. In the opening line it tells of how the road broke into a y. This simple y in the road eludes also to Frosts first line of the poem and his choice of yellow (y) to describe the fall trees. Frost talks about the two roads and how they are the same, comparing them. No one else is on the road with the narrator. He is alone, contemplating the decision by himself. There is a decision that is going to be made by the narrator as to which road equally worn to take with no help from anyone. He knows that the road he takes will lead him forever, foreshadowing that the choice he does makes could be a regret or satisfaction. Frost then said in the present tense last stanza that the narrators choice was the road less traveled. The road in the poem is not just a road; it is a symbol of choices in our lives that we must make. Frost implies that the narrator is sorry that he could not take both roads, see two different outcomes before the decision is made. The outcomes can not be seen though, looking as far as he could the road would bend and disappear into the undergrowth. He says to himself three times in the poem that both roads are equal, but in the final outcome he chooses the one less traveled, wanting wear (Frost 750). Only one road may be taken, one decision made, and one final destiny for a lifetime. The narrator could live to regret that he did or did not take another path. Also, his decision may be satisfying to him, not looking back at what may have been but instead of what is here, what he is living for right now. .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c , .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .postImageUrl , .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c , .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:hover , .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:visited , .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:active { border:0!important; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:active , .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4b897d8d079705014716e58b13d6529c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Black Like Me Farewell To Manzanar Essay The Road Not Taken is masterfully written not just with forceful opening words and an ironic final stanza but also with rhyme scheme. Frost wrote it in abaab meaning that the last word in the first, third, and fourth lines rhyme. Also, the last word of the second and fifth lines of the poem rhyme. The rhyme scheme is rhymed tetrameter, meaning that there are four beats in a line (Robert Frosts Lesser Known Poems). Frost always used some rhyme scheme in his poems often joking that writing free verse .

Von Willebrands Disease essays

Von Willebrands Disease essays Blood is carried throughout the body within a network of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). When our tissues are injured, the blood vessel is disrupted, and we bleed through the holes in the blood vessel wall. Normally, we stop bleeding through this process-the formation of the platelet plug and the formation of the blood clot. This is called "hemostasis." A protein in our blood, termed Von Willebrand factor (or vWf), causes the platelets to bind to the damaged blood vessel wall (platelet adhesion). Therefore if Von Willebrand factor is absent, the ability to clot at the site of injury is impaired. Von Willebrand disease is probably the most common hereditary bleeding disorder and may occur in up to 1 percent of the population. Patients with Von Willebrand disease have diminished production of Von Willebrand factor or produce a molecule that does not function normallyhence, their platelets do not adhere properly when blood vessels are injured, and it takes longer for bleeding to stop. In some patients, factor VIII (anti-haemophilic factor that helps blood clot) is also reduced, and blood clotting is impaired. In patients with haemophilia the primary problem is decreased or absent factor VIII, while Von Willebrand factor is normal. The "factor VIII molecular complex and the individual components are important to blood clotting (factor VIII) and platelet adhesion (Von Willebrand factor). Whereas patients with haemophilia often have severe bleeding that is detected and diagnosed in the first few years of life, Von Willebrand disease is a milder disorder and may be discovered at any age. Usually a patient experiences recurrent nosebleeds, easy bruising, heavy menstrual periods, or has prolonged bleeding at the time of a surgical procedure such as a tonsillectomy or tooth extraction. Although normal young children may have bruises and do not recall the trauma, older children and adults who bruise frequently ...

Present Progressive vs. Present Participle Verb Forms

Present Progressive vs. Present Participle Verb Forms Though both end in -ing, the present participle form of a verb isnt the same as the present progressive aspect. These terms can be a little confusing, but the verb forms themselves should be familiar: we use them all the time in speaking and writing. What They Are What is a present participle?The present participle is a verb form (made by adding -ing to the base) that can do the job of an adjective: Carl signed up for the singing competition.  (Note that singing modifies the noun competition.)   But wait,  as the infomercials say:  theres more that it can do! What is the present progressive aspect?The present progressive aspect is a  verb  construction made up of a present form of the verb  to be  plus  . . . a  present participle: Carl is singing his heart out.  (Note that the present tense is signaled by is, not by the participle singing.)  The progressive  usually conveys a sense of ongoing action (and is sometimes called the present continuous). What They Do A present participle by itself cant serve as the main verb of a sentence. For instance, Sadie, tapping her cane to the music is incomplete. In this example, tapping begins a present participial phrase that tells us something about the noun Sadie. One way to make this word group into a sentence is by adding a subject  (I) and a predicate  (remember): I remember Sadie, tapping her cane to the music.  But theres another way to turn this fragment into a complete sentence. A verb in the present progressive aspect may itself serve as the predicate of a sentence: Sadie is tapping her cane to the music. As weve seen, the present progressive is used for continuing activities- that is, for actions taking place at the moment of speaking and for actions that go on for a short period of time. A Quick Review We could easily have a sentence that contains both a present participial phrase (tapping her cane to the music) and a main verb in the present progressive (is singing): Tapping her cane to the music, Sadie is singing loudly and out of key. In this sentence, tapping is a present participle (unaccompanied by a form of the verb to be) while is singing (a form of the verb to be plus a present participle) serves as the main verb in the present progressive aspect. A Little Practice For each of the sentences below, decide if the -ing word is simply a present participle serving as an adjective or part of a present progressive construction. Youll find the answers at the end of the exercise. The clown is crying.The children laugh at the crying clown.A flying squirrel landed on the porch rail.Stray dogs are barking tonight, and the Rowland boy is lighting firecrackers.Our neighbors barking dog keeps us awake at night.  The Hendersons are moving to the mountains of Washington state.Happiness, Kinky said, is a moving target: were not happy until youre not happy. Answers: 1. present progressive (is crying); 2. present participle (crying clown); 3. present participle (flying squirrel); 4. present progressive (are barking and is lighting); 5. present participle (barking dog); 6. present progressive (are moving); 7. present participle (moving target)

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Essay Example They claimed that the quality of the parts they have been receiving from the outsourcing company were not up to standards. Inventory was then packed with products that were no longer of use to Boeing, losing them millions of dollars. Further investigations revealed that the outsourcing company wasn’t being watched over as closely as the engineers and companies throughout the country. Boeings main reason for outsourcing revolved around revenue purposes. The report finds that inventory product quality, as well as quantity supply is crucial within organizations and can cause a lot of problems if not watched and dealt with carefully. It is recommended that: the battery is dramatically improved by watching the quality of the parts inserted; Boeing launch and promote a campaign assuring non-faulty batteries; and resumes are looked over again by company officials. The limitations that may occur are that a product such as an airplane may require off shoring because some expertise exists only in foreign countries. Also, while there is nothing necessarily wrong with off shoring, the cultural and language differences as well as physical distances can add to the supply chain risks. Boeing is one of the major companies in the world that manufactures defense and commercial jetliners and security and space system. The company is faceted into two major business entities: the Boeing Space and Security and the Commercial airplane (Hiltzik, 2011). In addition, its other products are electronics, weapons satellites, defense system, military aircraft, systems of information and communication that are advanced et cetera. The company is not only one of the leading exporters of the US but also have connection with customers in the various countries of operation (approximately more than 150 nations). The company’s headquarters is in Chicago and it provides employment opportunities to approximately 180,000 individuals in the US and other nations

Proofreadoing of Teenage Character Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proofreadoing of Teenage Character Paper - Essay Example Marie answered without turning her face towards Noreen and said, â€Å" I am going to try-out for the Dance Team.† Noreen looked in amazement at Marie. Marie’s gaze was still fixed on the poster but now she had her hands resting on her heavy hips. Marie turned towards Noreen and nodded her head in anticipation of Noreen's inquiry. With an affirmative nod she said, â€Å"Yep that is just what I am going to do, I am trying out for the dance team.† Marie twirled around looking at herself in the mirror. She was wearing brown spandex ® tights and a gold leotard. She wrapped the dainty chiffon skirt that looked like it was infused with glitter around her full hips. She liked the way the fabric slid over her curvy body. Marie glanced at the clock. â€Å" Oh man, I’m going to be late.† She put on her thick sweater that fell just below her hips, about mid-thigh level. Marie opened the front door and stepped outside. The crisp fall air greeted her face and then acknowledged her body. She felt the cool air on her legs and glanced across the street to where Noreen lives, hoping for once Noreen would be standing outside waiting for her. Marie turned back to make sure she locked the door by jiggling the doorknob. She looked back towards Noreen's house as she walked down the steps and started across the street, warning out loud to no one, "Noreen, if you make me late ...† Just before Marie placed her foot on the first step of Noreen's porch, Noreen appeared at the door. She flung the door open and, in her usual bluster, almost half-out-of-breath said, â€Å"I’m sorry I am running late. Nellie would not get out of the bathroom†¦ and I had to fix my grandmother something to eat†¦ and I did not have time to eat myself, I will just have to eat my egg sandwich on the way†¦Oh, girl, let me make sure I have my keys.† Marie was not listening anymore, she had heard countless excuses as to why Noreen always seemed to be running late. Suddenly, it reminded her of the first time she met Noreen. Marie’s family had just moved to Merrill Street. The movers were bringing the last of the boxes into Marie’s new home and Marie's mom asked her to try to stay out of the way of the movers. So, Marie walked outside to take a look around her new neighborhood. She did not expect to see any older kids hanging out since it was a weekday and the kids would be in school. Marie was just standing outside on the porch looking at all her new neighbor's homes. The sound of a door opening caused Marie look across the street at a yellow house with a green door that suddenly flew open. A short and stout girl that looked to be around her age with big brown eyes and thick hair came rushing out of the door. Marie waved and said hello to the girl. The girl walked over and said, â€Å"Hi my name is Noreen, what’s your name?† â€Å" Hi, I’m Marie.† The two girls chatted on for a whil e, and then Noreen abruptly stopped mid-sentence and said, â€Å"Sorry, I have to run, I am late for school.† Marie yelled to Noreen, â€Å"Say, what time does school start anyway? â€Å" Noreen turned back in reply, â€Å" 8 o’clock!† Marie looked down at the time on her cell phone. It read 8:45 am. She watched Noreen storm down the sidewalk towards the school. Back in the present, Noreen interrupted her thoughts again. "I forgot to get some lunch money, can you loan me

Social and Mental Effects to Broken Family Status Essay Example for Free

Social and Mental Effects to Broken Family Status Essay Children need to have both parents in the home to have a balanced life. Both socially and mentally but, if the parents cannot get along and the children are being raised in a constant battleground, socially and mentally this can be more damaging to them. This can lead to trust issues and other relationship problems. Parents who abuse each other will most likely have children who will become involved in abusive relationships. Children whose parents have divorced and the absent parent are still involved in their everyday life still benefit from both parents. But most importantly the child needs to understand that their parents’ divorce or break up was not and never will be their fault. Divorce is hurting American children very badly. Each year over a million children suffer the divorce of their parents and by 1999, half of all American children reaching their eighteenth birthday and who were born to married parents will have experienced the divorce of their parents. The reversal of the legal status of divorce will entail nothing less than a cultural revolution because American culture now embraces divorce in law and in behavior. It’s easy acceptance once rejected as scandalous. Even if they themselves have divorced the men and women who shape popular opinion, as well as the policymakers in state legislatures who are responsible for domestic law should begin to challenge this practice. The devastating effects of divorce on children just might provide these leaders with the motivation to start such a cultural revolution, or at least to question the direction the nation has taken. The plight of children may give Americans the moral courage to overcome a fear of raising this delicate subject. If Americans do not overcome this fear, we will lock ourselves into inaction and lock the nation into a downward spiral of weakening effects and diminishing social capital because divorce diminishes children’s future competence in all the major institutions. In family life, divorce permanently weakens the relationship between children and parents. It leads to destructive ways of handling conflict, diminishes social competence, leads to early loss of virginity, and it diminishes young adults’ sense of masculinity or femininity. It leads to more trouble in dating, to more cohabitation, to higher divorce rates later in life, to higher expectations of divorce, and to less desire for children. * In religious life, divorce diminishes the frequency of worship of God, and recourse to Him in prayer. * In education, divorce diminishes learning capacities and high school and college attainment. * In the marketplace, divorce reduces household income and massively cuts the life-wealth of individuals. * In government and citizenship, divorce massively increases crime rates, abuse and neglect rates, and the use of drugs. * Also, divorce weakens the health of children; even their life spans will be shortened. * Finally it increases behavioral, emotional and psychiatric risks, including suicide. The effect of divorce on children’s hearts, minds and souls range from severe to mild, from seemingly small to massive, and from short term to long term. None of the effects apply to every child of divorce, nor is it likely that any one child has suffered all the effects. Nonetheless, the one million children who see their parents’ divorce each year are affected by the trauma. There is no way to predict how any particular child will be effected or to what extent, but it is possible to predict its effects on society. They are numerous and very serious. The major issue for researchers is no longer what the ill effects of divorce are, but the depth and length of persistence of these effects on children, and on their future children and grandchildren.

Dealing With Stress in Life Essay -- Expository Essay

The times that hair-pulling seems to prevail over other activities in life. The hair pulling is just one symptom of stress. Everyone will at some point in their life come across stress. Stress is our learning of the environmental events and accommodating to coincide. Some symptoms to mention that can be noticed are being irritable and tired from not sleeping well, unable to concentrate, and having emotional outbursts. Different types of stress that exist can fall under a category of stressors including appraising, conflict, defenses, frustration, learned helplessness, micro, nature of threat, and urban. An appraising stressor is how we determine if an event of life is stressful in a sense of threat or if a chance at a challenge. Conflict happens when someone has to choose what to do, being influenced by contradictory needs, desires, motives or demands. The frustration stressor is when something or maybe someone is preventing a goal from being reached causing a negative mental statue. Learned helplessness can be thought of as something to look forward to at a given time and when t...

On Migrant Imaginaries by Schmidt-Camacho and Borderlands/La Frontera by Anzaldua

In Migrant Imaginaries Schmidt-Camacho provides a view on the transnational movements of Mexican migrants toward United States from the 1920s onwards. The relationship between the Mexican culture and the social movements created by the migration is analyzed through the focus on some important historical moments (the 1930s, the Chicano Movement, contemporary globalization and neoliberalism).Borderlands/la Frontera is a text that deals with the concept of ‘border’ not only in the physical but also in the figurative meaning; Anzaldua uses her own experiences as a Chicana, as a lesbian and as an activist to challenge the conception of a border as a simple divide. In both texts, what stands up most is how identity could be a difficult concept to define due to the implication that the migration and the condition of migrant dictate on people. What does the term â€Å"identity† mean for a migrant?This is the question, that in my opinion is raised by the reading of the wor ks by Schmidt-Camacho and Anzaldua. Usually identity is an umbrella term used throughout the social sciences to describe a person's conception and expression of their individuality or group affiliations (such as national identity and cultural identity). But this conception of identity is challenged everyday in migrant communities by the circumstances of their lifestyle in a different country and to define it correctly one have to analyze all the consequences of the cross-boarding.In order to outline the different ways both texts lead to a deep comprehension of the concept of Identity in migrant communities, I will develop the ideas of migrant melancholia and mestiza consciousness, as they are provided from the texts, comparing and contrasting the two points of views and pointing out how in the end both concepts are useful to define the status of migrant. Migrant melancholia as defined by Camacho as, â€Å"†¦ an emergent mode of migrant subjectivity that contests the dehumanizi ng effects of the unauthorized border crossing. † (286).The condition of border crosser causes a sort of depression that derives from the consciousness, of the necessity of emigration. By leaving their home country, migrants mark the â€Å"the loss of a social contract†¦behind their willful journey away from the spaces of communal belonging and citizenship, the specter of state failure looms large†. Mexican migrants are pushed to leave their home country by the inadequacy of the economic situation, â€Å"the ethical imperative to survive cannot conform to the geopolitical fiction of sovereign borders†. Due to the U. S. mmigration policies making the possibility of circular migration unavailable to many migrants, once accepted in to the U. S. , migrants fear they will not be allowed to re enter the U. S. , should they return to Mexico. Migrants move to settle for ever and the home country turn into a beloved object whose loss is mourned as the one of a belove d relative. The relationship between the migrant, his home country and the new country in which he moves is shaped by the circumstances of the border-crossing as well as the new conditions that the migrant faces in his new life.In Borderland/la Frontera Anzaldua describes the complexity of being a Mestiza. To fully understand the text is necessary first to analyze what the term means and what are the implication of labeling someone as a mestizo; according to an article published on the Feminist Theory Keyword website (a project by Women’s Studies students at Portland State University) by using the word Mestiza Anzaldua is automatically expressing a multitudes of races and enclosing in this one word a series of cultural and ideological consequences. You can think of it as a contradiction within itself. Because as a Mestiza you do not belong to one category but intertwine with a range of others. However, this does not bring absolute acceptance. A Mestiza has indigenous ancestry but also shares current civilization blood and traditions. She is ambiguous and has no actual place she can call home. Like a drifting spirit she spends her time trying to figure out who she is, where she belongs and how she got in this current situation†.Both concepts of migrant melancholia and mestiza consciousness deal with the difficulty of find an only definition for the identity of the migrants, the ones who are leaving their own country but even the ones who are already settled in a new land. The struggle between who they really are, their origins, traditions, the attachment to their home country and what they are forced to be and to do by life circumstances. Workers who try to integrate in a society that points at them as aliens that belong to a different reality.Another topic that both books highlight is how the established power of state governments challenge the identity of migrants. In Migrant imaginaries the focus is on how the Mexican state pushes their citizens to run away from their country by being unable to provide social security amongst other things. Furthermore this text shows the emotional plight of the migrants, particularly their feelings of disappointment in their home state. Whereas in Borderland/La Frontera the text discusses the difficulties faced by migrants once they have crossed the border into the U. S. as well as their feelings when they try to integrate into the new society. The two books address different perspectives of the migrants journey, Schmidt-Camacho is more concerned in criticizing the historical and economical issues that derive from the migration, while Azaldua deals with the emotional consequences of these social movements. From this the reader can fully understand the two different pressures placed upon the migrants when moving between cultures.

Effects of Divorce Essay

Divorce can be defined as the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between married couples (Wikipedia, 2013). Divorce affects the couple and children (if any). The divorce is the most serious social problem that affects almost the entire life of the children and the couple, it also makes troubles like: sadness, despair, and unforgettable moments (Williams, 2013). In this paper, I will be discussing the factors contributing to divorce in Canada and will also explain certain statistics used as well. The methodologies that I will be using are both the qualitative and quantitative approach. The reasons I am using both of them are because by using the quantitative research, I will develop mathematical hypotheses pertaining to the phenomena. Also to analyze this topic with the use of statistics to make it somewhat accurate, while for quantitative; because it will explain in word data about my information. I strongly believe that these two forms of methodology will properly explain the factors contributing to divorce. The history of the legalization of divorce in Canada predates that of its colonial overseer, England, where it was only in 1857 that divorce was legislated, mainly on grounds of adultery. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island respectively enacted divorce laws in 1761, 1791, and 1837, generally on grounds of adultery (Wu & Schimmele, 2009). It was not until 1968 that Canada enacted its first unified Federal Divorce Act, which was followed by the more liberal or no fault act of 1985 and it was mentioned that the sole reason for divorce is marriage breakdown, which is defined as either living apart for at least one year, or committing adultery, or treating the other spouse with physical or mental cruelty. Though divorce rates have not increased recently in Canada, the number of divorced persons is however increasing with population growth. In 2007, there were 972,183 divorced women and 712,531 divorced men in the population (Statistics Canada, 2007). The difference betwee n the men and women is because divorced men re-partner faster and more than women and also because women live longer than men.

To What Extent do Western Concepts of Ill-Health Limit Policies and Projects Aimed at Improving the Health of Those in the Developing World The WritePass Journal

To What Extent do Western Concepts of Ill-Health Limit Policies and Projects Aimed at Improving the Health of Those in the Developing World Executive Summary To What Extent do Western Concepts of Ill-Health Limit Policies and Projects Aimed at Improving the Health of Those in the Developing World (KFF/UNAIDS, 2013). Although there is a global decrease in the trend of this epidemic, incidence of HIV/AIDS is still high in middle and low-income countries (UNAIDS, 2013). Most of those suffering from this health condition do not have access to healthcare services, treatment and management (UNAIDS, 2013). Importantly women and young girls are more susceptible of the infection compared to men (British HIV Association, 2012). Of the 35 million individuals believed to be suffering from the condition, 3.3 million of these are children (UNAIDS, 2013). Majority (71%) of persons living with HIV/AIDS reside in Sub-Saharan Africa (Health Protection Agency, 2012). The objectives of this policy include decreasing HIV prevalence amongst the young population aged 15-24 years; increase condom use especially in high-risk sex; increase the proportion of young people with correct knowledge on HIV/AIDs infection; and increase the proportion of individuals with advanced stages of the disease gain ac cess to antiretroviral medications. Western Concept of Ill-Health Western concepts of ill-health could limit the policies on malnutrition and HIV/AIDS when introduced in developing nations. First, definitions of ‘ill-health’ could vary between Western and developing countries. There is variation in how ill-health is perceived even amongst professional, academic and the public (Wikman et al., 2005). Ill-health is also viewed differently across disciplines. For instance, the medical model of health has been accepted for several years in Western healthcare in the past (Wikman et al., 2005). This model states that ill-health is caused by pathogenic microorganisms or underlying pathologies (Dutta, 2008). However, even this concept has changed within healthcare systems. Today, many healthcare professionals have recognised that ill-health is not only caused by pathogenic organisms but social determinants of health such as poor nutrition, unemployment or stress could all influence ill-health (Dutta, 2008). Wikman et al. (2005) acknowledges tha t ill-health could be understood by using a multi-perspective approach. Concepts of ill-health are also considered as historically and culturally specific (Blas and Kurup, 2010). This means that ill-health varies across culture and time. For instance, in Western culture, obesity is considered as ill-health (Blas and Kurup, 2010). In other countries, obesity is viewed as socially acceptable since this is a sign of wealth. In Western culture, findings of scientific publications are used to underpin health policies against HIV (Bogart et al., 2011). Use of condoms to protect against HIV infection is viewed as acceptable. In some African countries, use of condoms is seen to reduce one’s masculinity (Willis, 2003; MacPhail and Campbell, 2001). Importantly, anal sex in some of these countries is practised to avoid pregnancy or viewed as a cleansing method against the virus for HIV/AIDS (Bogart and Bird, 2003). Hence, these differences in the concept of ill-health could influence the uptake of global health policies in developing nations. To illustrate t his argument, the policies on malnutrition and HIV/AIDS will be critiqued. A discussion how western concepts of ill health influence the uptake of these policies in the developing countries would also be done. Analysis and Discussion Attention on acute and chronic malnutrition is unprecedented in recent years (Shoham et al., 2013). The involvement of the UK, through its policy for malnutrition and hunger, with other countries in the scaling up nutrition (SUN) campaign has brought significant changes on the lives of children who are malnourished. The policy on malnutrition is underpinned by the philosophy on health equity and social determinants of health (Ezzati et al., 2003). Western concepts of ill-health focus on the social determinants of ill-health as a factor in promoting malnutrition in developing countries. For example, unemployment of parents, low levels of education, early years, poverty, homelessness are some social determinants of health strongly suggested to promote malnutrition amongst children (Marmot and Wilkinson, 2005). Uptake of policies for malnutrition in developing countries might be limited if these determinants are not properly addressed. Farmer (2003) explains that cultural beliefs on foo d, poor knowledge on the nutritional value of food and food production practices have long contributed to malnutrition in many countries. Policies on malnutrition might no be effective if these do not address the root causes of malnutrition, which are poverty, poor knowledge on food nutrition and poor farming practices (Farmer, 2003). Power structure also plays a role in how policies are implemented. Farmer (2003) stresses that unless the poor are empowered and their rights protected would true development occur. In recent years, there have been improvements in the lives of the poor, specifically on nutrition status. Marmot and Wilkinson (2005) emphasise that presence of poverty and unemployment could all influence health. However, there is evidence that in some developing countries, malnutrition policies have gained success. An analysis would show that involvement of the community plays a crucial role in ensuring success of these policies. For example, Shoham et al. (2013) report that the community based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) approach contributed to its success in some 65 developing countries across the world. Communities are mobilised and they gain ownership of the programme. Individuals help in detecting uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and refer children to established out-patient centres. Complicated cases are referred as in-patients in the health sector staff. While the UNICEF (Nabarro, 2013) reported that 10% of the 20 million suspected cases of SAM have been treated through the scaling up nutrition campaign, other target countries have not kept up with the campaign. Policies that have gained acceptance in developing countries are those that empower communities to take actions for their own health. Empowering women through education has been shown to lead to more positive changes in the health of children ages 5 years old and below (Farmer, 2003). Policies that increase the educational levels of women were shown to reduce erroneous perceptions on the causes of malnutrition (Wikman et al., 2005). Shoham et al. (2013) observe that failure to implement the CMAM approach and educating women on malnutrition limits the success of malnutrition policies in communities. A number of studies (Bhutta, 2013; Black et al., 2013; Pinstrup-Andersen, 2013; Nabarro, 2013; Loevinsohn and Harding, 2005) have shown the effectiveness of engaging communities and empowering them to improve the nutritional status of women and children. While factors such as engaging communities and allowing them to take ownership of programmes have been shown to promote uptake of policies, there are still factors that limit policy uptake. These include failure to address the social determinants of health such as poverty, low levels of education, poor support of the children during early life years and unemployment (Loevinsohn and Harding, 2005). It has been shown that when these factors are present, malnutrition is also high (Pinstrup-Andersen, 2013). There is also a need to understand the perceptions of women and children on food and nutrition to better understand why malnutrition continue to exist in a number of developing countries. Meanwhile, the policy on HIV/AIDS also promote health by engaging communities in implementing projects aimed at preventing HIV transmission (KFF, 2013; British HIV Infection, 2012; Department for International Development, 2013). To date, HIV infection epidemic has stabilised and the number of individuals receiving treatment has increased to 9.7 million in 2012 (UNAIDS, 2013). In contrast, only 400,000 individuals with advanced HIV infection receive treatment in 2004. A closer analysis of the cause of HIV infection would still point to risky behaviours of those engaging in unprotected sex and injecting drug users as factors that promote HIV infection (KFF/UNAIDS, 2013). This is a cause of concern since there is still the prevailing cultural belief in a number of African countries that use of condom is unmanly (Willis, 2003; MacPhail and Campbell, 2001). Connolly et al. (2004) argue that changing behaviour of the target population is most difficult. Consequences of HIV infection extend to unborn children of mother infected with HIV (UNAIDS, 2013). To date, there have been various interventions to prevent HIV infection. These include behaviour changes, increase in HIV screening, male circumcision, use of condoms, harm reduction amongst in injecting drug users and blood supply safety (UNAIDS, 2013). Amongst these strategies, changing behaviour remains to be an important intervention that could prevent further spread of the virus. Experts suggest that risky sexual behaviour could only be changed through the use of different health models. For example, the health belief model could be used to inform the target population on the risk of HIV (Health Protection Agency, 2012). In addition, facilitators to behaviour change, such as decreasing stigma on HIV infection, increasing access to healthcare services could help individuals adopt less r isky sexual behaviour (Greeff et al., 2008). Patients with HIV often perceive stigma from their own healthcare workers (Kohi et al., 2006; Holzemer and Uys, 2004). This could impact not only the quality of care received by those with HIV infection but might also limit them from gaining further medical treatment. On the other hand, reducing malnutrition by 50% since 1990 has not been achieved in most countries yet (UNICEF, 2014). This is important since the United Nations aims to achieve this target by next year. Food production is continuously affected by stronger typhoons and turbulent weather patterns (KFF, 2013). Droughts appear to be longer, affecting agriculture and livestock production (KFF, 2013). Specifically, the UNICEF (2014) acknowledges that the most vulnerable groups to increasing weather disturbance brought by climate change are the poor people. This is especially challenging in the light of the MDGs since decreases in food production in developing countries could further have an impact on the nutritional status of the women and children (Bryce et al., 2008; Taylor et al., 2013). Climate change has important implications on policies for malnutrition. Even if community-based initiatives are strongly in place and individuals have learned to produce their own food, changes in weat her patterns could impact agriculture activities. The UNICEF (2014) has highlighted this issue and using current experiences, community rehabilitation after a typhoon or drought would mean increased challenges in addressing malnutrition amongst the poorest of the poor. Even if all objective are achieved, there is no full guarantee that malnutrition will be completely eradicated in developing nations. To date, there are best practices (SUN, 2013) showing that community involvement and partnership with government and non-government organisations could arrest severe acute and chronic malnutrition. A number of developing countries, especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa are still struggling with malnutrition despite external aid. The same observation is also made in this region on HIV infection where the poorest amongst the poor remain to be most vulnerable to the infection (SUN, 2013). Hence, it would be necessary to investigate the real cause of malnutrition and HIV infection in developing countries. There are multiple underlying causes of malnutrition and all interact to increase the risk of children for malnutrition. First, poverty has been highlighted earlier in this essay as an important factor for development of malnutrition (Horton and Lo, 2013). This essay also argues that maternal level of education is a significant factor in the nutrition of children (Black et al., 2013). The World Health Organization (2011) acknowledges that children born to mothers with at least a high school education enjoy better health compared to children with mothers who have lower educational levels. This observation is consistent across literature (UNICEF, 2014; Black et al, 2013) and illustrates the importance of increasing the education level of mothers. In Sub-Saharan countries that often experience conflicts, malnutrition is often caused by displacement of families and children from their homes and livelihood to evacuation centres with minimal food support (UNICEF, 2014). Apart from conflicts, recent effects of climate change have also changed the way developed countries respond to problems of food security (Taylor et al., 2013). As shown in the UK policy for hunger and malnutrition, funds are also directed to innovations and research on how to respond to environmental damages caused by climate change (UNICEF, 2014). It should be noted that changes in weather patterns, flooding and drought could have a great impact on food security and sustainability (Department for International Development, 2013). In comparison with the policy on HIV infection, the policy on hunger and malnutrition would have a greater impact on the health of the nation. It has been shown that improving nutrition during the first 1000 days of a child’s life could lead to better health outcomes, higher educational attainment and productivity later in adult life (Bhutta, 2013). Malnutrition during a child’s first two years of life could have irreversible effects on the child’s health (Bhutta, 2013). This could lead to stunting, cognitive impairment, early death and if the child reaches adulthood, difficulty in finding a job (Nabarro, 2013). The number of children and mothers suffering from malnutrition is also higher compared to individuals suffering from HIV infection. However, HIV infection could also have an impact on maternal and child health since infected mothers could transmit the virus to their unborn child (KFF, 2013). Women with HIV also suffer more stigma compared to their male co unterparts (Sandelowski et al., 2004). Recommendations and Conclusion In conclusion, the two policies discussed in this brief reveal strategies in preventing and treating malnutrition and HIV infection. Responses of developing countries to these strategies differ. Countries where communities are involved in the implementation of strategies are generally more successful in addressing these health problems. This would show that community involvement play a crucial role in the uptake of Western policies in developing countries. However, the lack of success in some countries might be attributed to the differences in the concept of ill-health between affluent and developing countries, socio-economic context of poor countries and difficulty in changing one’s health behaviour. Finally, this essay suggests that a more holistic approach should be taken in addressing the social determinants of health to ensure that children have access to nutritious food and HIV infection is prevented. References Bhutta, Z. (2013). ‘Early nutrition and adult outcomes: pieces of the puzzle [Online]. The Lancet, 382(9891), pp. 486-487. Black, R., Alderman, H., Bhutta, S., Gillespie, S., Haddad, L., Horton, S., Lartey, S., Mannar, V., Ruel, M., Victoria, C., Walker, S. 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